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Abstract   An enhanced aerosol layer near the tropopause over Asia during the June–September period of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) was recently identified using satellite observations. Its sources and climate impact are presently not well-characterized. To improve understand-ing of this phenomenon, we made in situ aerosol measurements during summer 2015 from Kunming, China, then followed with a modeling study to assess the global significance. The in situ measure-ments revealed a robust enhancement in aerosol concentration that extended up to 2 km above the tropopause. A climate model simu-lation demonstrates that the abundant anthropogenic aerosol pre-cursor emissions from Asia coupled with rapid vertical transport associated with monsoon convection leads to significant particle for-mation in the upper troposphere within the ASM anticyclone. These particles subsequently spread throughout the entire Northern Hemi-spheric (NH) lower stratosphere and contribute significantly (∼15%) to the NH stratospheric column aerosol surface area on an annual basis. This contribution is comparable to that from the sum of small volcanic eruptions in the period between 2000 and 2015. Although the ASM contribution is smaller than that from tropical upwelling (∼35%), we find that this region is about three times as efficient per unit area and time in populating the NH stratosphere with aero-sol. With a substantial amount of organic and sulfur emissions in Asia, the ASM anticyclone serves as an efficients mokestack ventingaerosols to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. As eco-nomic growth continues in Asia, the relative importance of Asian emissions to stratospheric aerosol is likely to increase.